Proposal

Aims

The aim of the documentary will try to make the audience reflect on their own lives and get to ask the question if they are truly happy. The documentary will aim to connect with the audience on a more personal and emotional level and the ask the question why. This is opposed to constantly giving out facts and statistics which would outline the enormity of the issue.

Content

The majority of this documentary will be based on my own journey, which would mean that the camera would follow me to various people and places to talk about the issue. We will aim to present information in interviews with therapists among other experts. The content of this documentary will be heavily dependent on who I go to see and who I talk to about becoming happier. One main

Target Audience

The target audience for this documentary is 16-24. I ideally want the audience to know enough about the subject, which would allow the documentary to launch straight into my own personal journey. The documentary will appeal to the target audience because we want to personify the subject by bringing it to a more personal level. We want the audience to be able to identify with the subject which would allow the appeal to stem from asking themselves if they are truly happy. Furthermore, the subject is very broad which would widen the range of our target audience instead of having an audience that only have a specific common interest.

Format

The format of this documentary will be in a performative documentary mode, I want to revolve this documentary around my own personal journey in finding happiness. Whilst i may encounter different people through my journey, its main focus will always be on me, this in turn will hope to make the audience feel more emotionally connected with the documentary. Also by using a performative mode, it does allow the documentary to have a more specific focus which is needed considering it will only be around 5 minutes.

Genre

The genre for the documentary will take a more investigative focus point. Whilst it will be more educational in the sense that we will have some experts, it perhaps will take a more subjective approach to the topic. Happiness is a subject that can be thought of in many different ways, which is why we aim to exhibit one persons journey, hoping to open the eyes of our audience to their own journey.

Style

The style of my documentary will have a more relaxed approach, because this will hopefully allow the audience to connect better with the presenter. Whilst i do want to remain professional throughout i would rather maintain the style that there is only one other person following me with the camera, i don't want the audience to feel like its staged. Hopefully by using this style it creates a trusting relationship with me and the audience which will engage them a lot more.

Analysing the Competition

The Japanese Love Industry

What is the show’s channel, broadcast day and time slot?

Where The Japanese Love Industry is shown on the multi-media platform of Vice, when this show was broadcast-ed/released was on 11th October 2016,, this shown was not placed in a time slot because it’s a online viewing platform, this is were the documentary was uploaded for the viewer to watch to their timing.

What are the show’s viewing figures for the past week?

The viewing figures of the vice program The Japanese love industry was not available online. as to view this content you have to pay to view the figures.

What similarities does the show’s format and content have with your own?

How the Japanese love industry will be similar to our documentary is that we will be going into personal lives to found out about what makes them happy, as we see this in the documentary where the presenter personally gets to know the people that work in the love industry, What other similarity that this includes is the following around of the presenter to find information, as we will do this to collect information.

How would your show beat it in terms of viewing figures?

How own documentary may beat the viewing figure of the documentary is that is will not be explicit as this documentary , as this will also the public under the age of 18 to watch our documentary without mentally or physically harming them from the visual content.

Asian Provocateur 

What is the show’s channel, broadcast day and time slot?

The day that Asian provocateur was aired was 26th October of 2016 online on the BBC I-player platform, on the channel of BBC three which has moved on to produces online content, as there only make content to upload on a multi media platform.

What are the show’s viewing figures for the past week?

The total viewing figure that the Asian Provocateur have gain through the whole series just under 6 million viewing figures, on average the viewing figure that each episode makes is around under a million.

What similarities does the show’s format and content have with your own?

The elements that Asian Provocateur has that would be similar to the documentary that I will produce, is the camera language that is done is ruff, as it has a look of realism because it follows around the presenter with the activates that he does, as I will have this in my documentary follow around the presenter and watch and learn from the activities that he does to become happy.

How would your show beat it in terms of viewing figures?

How would my show beat the  Asian provocateur is that i will have the format changed to be more unique, as i will have two presenter, one of the presenter will be on the go camera man and the first presenter will be the main character that will do and ask more of the questions, as the seconds one will contribute when he can and show his opinion about the information.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/p04bx517/asian-provocateur-mums-american-dream-3-brother-dinesh

The Superhuman World of the Iceman

What is the show’s channel, broadcast day and time slot?

The channel that The Superhuman World of the Ice man was placed on was Vice it is a online multi media platform where video, new, music and other content is uploaded to the side and updated a all times, The show did not have a a time slot because it is not live TV as this is uploaded and viewed by other by choice. This documentary was uploaded on 16th of July 2015

What are the shows’ viewing figures for the past week?

The documentary viewing figure that came from vice the main viewing platform of the documentary was not available online. as to view this content you have to pay to view the figures of The Superhuman World of the Iceman.

What similarities does the show’s format and content have with your own?

Were the shows have the same similarities is from the filmmaker, as the filmmaker goes out and learn new techniques of what the iceman does, and what he love to do is challenge his body. Where in will be inculcated this similarity is that I as a filmmaker will be going out and learning new techniques of how to be more happy from experts.

How would your show beat it in terms of viewing figures?

What I would do to make the documentary more unique from the Superhuman World of the Iceman, is that I as a filmmaker will place step by step of what the experts had said to become happy. I would include the experience that I had learnt from the making of the documentary that the audience can learn at home.

  Based on this research, what broadcast day and time would best suit your documentary magazine show? 

The documentary should be posted and/or uploaded on the Wednesday, this was because from the research i found, typically the similar genre has also been posted on a Wednesday. In terms of the time of day, the documentary should be uploaded in the morning, this would allow the target audience to watch it across the day and potentially share it on social media.

Secondary Research: Legal and Ethical

List of 20 Names

List of 20 names

Content Research

Questions

What is Happiness?

Our first question was an introduction to the topic, in which we found a definitive, literal meaning to the word. We found our information from vocabulary.com because we thought it gave us a detailed definition for Happiness. https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/happiness "Happiness is a sense of well-being, joy, or contentment. When people are successful, or safe, or lucky, they feel happiness. The "pursuit of happiness" is something this country is based on, and different people feel happiness for different reasons. Whenever doing something causes happiness, people usually want to do more of it. No one ever complained about feeling too much happiness."

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How happy are you?

We wanted to further pose a question to ourselves, which came in the form of an online survey. This consisted of a series of scenario and personality questions to determine how much of a happy person we are. http://www.pursuit-of-happiness.org/science-of-happiness/happiness-quiz/

"You don't need much guidance about life skills that contribute to happiness

You've mastered the art of happiness, and are absolute joy to be around, way to go! Even though you are a shining light in a dark world, there's always room to work on yourself, below are a few steps to get started.

Step 1: Enroll in our happiness course. Given your advanced level of happiness, this course is great for explaining why you are so happy, so that you never lose your edge.

Step 2: Do our advanced relationships challenge. Invite a friend, relative or coworker to have a drink or a meal at least once a week and ask them about their greatest dreams and/or their greatest challenges. With a little luck, they might ask you the same questions.

Step 3: Do our advanced positive mindset challenge. Write a letter of gratitude to someone who has had a significant impact on your life, and who may not realize it." ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What is the happiest borough to live in London?

As part of our research we wanted to relate to the topic more, so we found out the 'happiest' and 'saddest' boroughs of London, and compared our boroughs too. This source allowed us to see where all boroughs ranked, to which we could really gauge our proximity in terms of how happy our borough is. This source was an article on timeout.com wrote by Isabelle Aron. http://www.timeout.com/london/blog/the-happiest-and-most-miserable-boroughs-in-london-are-081616 "There are lots of things that make Londoners happy – cheap booze, fried chicken at 4am and a flawless Uber rating to name a few. But if you want to be truly happy, you need to move to Richmond, stat. Sure, it might be all the way out in Zone 4, but according to Rightmove's annual Happy at Home Index, it's the happiest borough in London.

The survey asked 23,989 people in Great Britain to rate their local area according to 12 'happiness factors', including safety, green spaces, cultural activities and community spirit. Richmond upon Thames scooped the top spot in London, followed by Kingston upon Thames, Bromley, Sutton and Wandsworth.

At the other end of the spectrum, Barking and Dagenham was voted the most miserable borough in the London, as well as the worst place to live in the UK. That's out of 206 places, so it must be pretty bloody awful. According to the survey, other crap places to live in London include Newham, Brent, Islington and Hillingdon." --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What elements make a happy person?

After taking a survey to see ho happy we was, we wanted to further investigate if there was any components to making people happier. This source gave us a list of    potential components that may make a person happier. We found this article produced by https://www.bustle.com/articles/70762-what-really-makes-a-person-happy-9-things-science-knows-about-what-really-keeps-us-content 1. Caring About Other People 2. Old Age (Or Being 23) 3. The 5 Traits Of Positive Thinking 4. Exercise 5. Enjoying Culture 6. Having Pets 7. Volunteering 8. Having Sex 9. Not Thinking Too Hard About Being Happy --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What is the worlds happiest country? and where does England rank?

We wanted to see who was ranked first for being the happiest country in the world, and we further wanted to compare where the UK ranked in relation. This source allowed us to see the top 10 happiest countries but also see other noteable countires as well as the bottom 10 countries. This article was by the metro.co.uk wrote by, Nicholas Reilly. http://metro.co.uk/2015/04/24/the-uk-ranks-at-a-disappointing-21st-place-in-the-happiest-countries-on-earth-5165294/ Here's the 10 happiest countries in the world: 1) Switzerland 2) Iceland 3) Denmark 4) Norway 5) Canada 6) Finland 7) Netherlands 8) Sweden 9) New Zealand 10) Australia 21) United Kingdom --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Three Experts 

Robert Emmons: Emphasizes the importance of relationships in happiness 

Paul Krismer: Chief Happiness Officer.Playful and captivating storytelling complements his intelligent and accessible presentation of the science of happiness. His teaching is powerful, authoritative, and convincing.

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi: Hungarian psychologist as the worlds preeminent positive psychology authority.

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Videos to illustrate/support your point

Rationale

Inital Ideas Focus Group.

The feedback i received was generally very positive, the focus group seemed to like the fact that my ideas carried a strong psychological and emotional tie. I thought that there was a lot that i could think about and explore in relation to what route i want to take with my ideas, with a strong focus on the conclusions to my documentary ideas. The focus group gave me some strong feedback and ideas on how i should construct my end points, whilst it also really made me think about how each of my ideas would appeal to the target audience because my ideas were more sophisticated. I felt that the focus group gave me a greater insight as to how i construct the ideas, and how i really engage my target audience.
I have decided to work with Franki and together we both decided that we would go with my first initial idea in my journey to happiness.

Initial Ideas

Nicholls Documentary Mode

The Expository Mode

Expository mode style documentary is the more typical, conventional documentary that is usually shown. It will often use a a narrator to guide us through the documentary, whilst we are seeing more artistic visuals.
The expository mode can mainly be seen in wildlife documentaries. David Attenborough's, Blue Planet is a good example of how an expository documentary is constructed. At (0:19) we see the waves crashing in a very rough ocean, whilst we hear David talk about the weather and how it is the roughest sea on the planet. By using an expository mode for a documentary it allows the audience to given this more direct approach to the subject giving us direct information whilst watching an artistic piece of content.
The documentary further uses a sense of dramatisation at (1:33) we see this long swooping tracking shot, following this one bird as it unveils a whole mass of them. This, coupled with the compelling orchestral music creates a more dramatic and entertaining visual for the documentary instead of showing the audience with a stationary camera. For the audience this keeps us engaged, creating this 'wow' factor as we see the vast size of birds on the island.
we then see a sense of realism in the documentary at (1:44) which denotes another visual of the amount of birds on the island but what perhaps makes it more real is what we hear from the narrator who tells us that its set in the Falklands. As the documentary gives the audience a sense of place it connects the visual and documentary to the real world, which ultimately engages the audience.

The Observational Mode

The observational mode of documentary is where the camera does not interfere with the action, we are seeing everything unfold from a neutral point of view. The action would happen even if the camera was not there, we sit and we observe what is happening on screen.
Through this documentary, Welfare by Frederick Wiseman, we see an Observational mode being used. At (8:09) we see a more heated conversation happening between an employee and 2 people trying to claim welfare money. The camera is left in a 2 shot for the entirety of the conversation, there is no music, no narrator, no graphics etc. This would really highlight the mode being used as either way that conversation would have happened if the camera was there or not. From an audience perspective the purpose of this technique is to present the action in a more raw form, it leaves us with the feeling that what we are seeing is more genuine because nothing is influencing the action.
As this style of documentary is very raw and natural it means that there is little manipulation used to add drama or realism because whilst they can choose what to show and what to cut and they can use different camera shots/angles ultimately all entertainment is based on action and reaction. At (9:03) we see the camera being used in a different way, the camera went from a 2 shot and into a close up of the woman's face as she explains herself. As she talks about her past which is very sensitive the camera dramatises this by moving in closer towards her, this not only shows the audience more of her emotions but it is mainly used to evoke more emotion from the audience.
We further see this sense of realism at (14:06) where the conversation thats lasted for roughly 8 minutes ends, but the next scene is just another conversation with a different woman trying to claim welfare. This encapsulates the mode of documentary and the realism that the audience are seeing, because there is nothing more too see. There is no different action that can be shown but rather the same thing is repeated just with a different person. The action can only be changed if the person decides to become more angry or have a certain emotion.

The Participatory Mode 

This mode is very different, instead of being neutral to the action the participatory mode invites a direct relationship between the filmmaker and the audience. The documentary would not exist without the filmmaker as they are actively seeking out an answer making this mode more investigative.
During this documentary Sicko, Michael Moore investigates health insurance and health care in america, however we see at (51:48) that he is actively going in to hospitals and waiting rooms, not jut in America but in Canada and in England. The scene though denotes him coming from one hospital where apparently he was lied too, and going across town to another hospital to ask the same question. This mode perhaps invites a manipulation of the audiences thoughts, because we are watching the documentary through the eyes of the filmmaker. We have to trust and believe what he says has truth to which it guides our thoughts on the subject too.
During Michael Moores visit to Britain he talks to a pregnant women and asks how much she will pay to receive her care, but it is the scene afterwards at (56:15) where she talks to the staff away from Michael that we see this sense of realism. We can see that she is surprised at the fact in the US people would have had to pay, this scene almost seems like an outtake yet they have left it in because now the audience can relate because we share the same view and emotion  that she does.
Michael Moore further uses this over dramatisation of the NHS by asking more people and more staff where is the bill payed and how much would it cost. At (56:36) he asks a couple, 'how much did you pay for the baby.' He has already interviewed and made his point that in Britain we receive free healthcare but he keeps on pointing it out multiple times adding this ignorant dramatic tone. But he does this to constantly show the audience, which are mainly Americans, a definitive contrast in health care systems. He uses this dramatic effect to manipulate the audiences thoughts and make them almost see how ridiculous their system is compared to ours.
dramatisation

The Reflexive Mode 

The reflexive mode looks at the story from multiple points of view. It takes us on a journey of on side of an argument or one persons story, the documentary will then flip to show the audience the other side.
The unknown known is a documentary by Erol Morris where he interviews a former secretary of defence about all of the memos that he had written over the years and poses the question to him about what was required of him in the job. At the beginning of the documentary the secretary of defence would reply by saying, 'to evaluate the unknown knowns' which perhaps is more ambiguous but a definitive answer. However by the end of the documentary the same question is posed and the former dance secretary answers very differently perhaps more inverted. The point of this mode is to make the audience see both sides, it wants to open the subject or the person up and really expose whats happened. In this instance the audience have been allowed to see the lies and deception and further see how they are covered up.
The realism happens during this documentary as Erol Morris asks an abundance of varied questions and topics, Whilst they talk about events that have happened e.g. Abu Gharabi they also talk about the, 'definition of terrorism' which is perhaps another topic all together. By having so much variation in the interview the sense of realism happens when Erol Morris is breaking things down to the fundamentals and by simply talking about a definition is something that becomes very real to the audience.

The Performative Mode 

This mode of documentary puts real emphasis on the subject, the filmmaker is actively involved in and around the action typically searching for an answer to a question they had at the start of the documentary. This documentary is perhaps more subjective as there is constant speculation throughout. 

Ross Kemp Extreme World is an example of a performative documentary as he is in with the action talking to Jihadist in Gaza where everything is very speculative. At (2:50) we see the mode in action, as he is in an undisclosed location somewhere in Gaza, interviewing the fighting Jihaddi militants. This mode of documentary leaves the audience almost with a sense of hope, the more direct approach taken feels as if we will get a more straight and honest answer, when actually we just receive more speculation. This mode is surrounded by drama yet the audience find a sense of realism because its someone we trust to be more forceful in what he asks. 

Another element to this documentary is the realism that it contains, which can be seen at (1:10) where we don't actually see very much, the camera is very shaky but what we do hear are the other crew members telling the cameraman to put the camera away. Of course this could have been easily edited out the documentary to create a more professionalism, however by leaving it in it allows the audience to really see the true danger that is happening. Whilst this does create entertainment for the documentary it also means that the audience become more anxious because of the severity of the situation that they are watching.
Lastly the documentary adds this heightened drama at (2:39) where we can see Ross Kemp in complete darkness talking directly to the camera, listing all the guns that the militants are carrying around. This again is a piece of information that didn't have much relevance in the documentary, but it almost keeps the documentary on a knife edge as we constantly get this feed of anxiety. By constantly highlighting the exceeding danger of the situation, it always keeps the audience hooked, we know that nothing will happen to Ross but there is still this lingering possibility that some could always happen. 

Factual TV rules for beginners.

The Secret Life of 4 Year Olds

 Accuracy 

Accuracy within a documentary is how truthful the information that is presented to the viewer is, it is also how trusting the audience is to the information that is exhibited through the documentary.

During the documentary on suicide in south Korea we can see the accuracy and levels of accuracy through the interview that is conducted with the Seoul suicide prevention center whereby his argument is back up with numbers adding to the trust that the documentary has with the audience. At (3:38) he backs his argument by using the national statistics service by saying that 15906 people had committed suicide in the past year. By using statistics it builds up the trust with the view because we are don't have to struggle to believe him, instead it becomes easier because he has supporting research.

Balance

A documentary must have balance, it must present both sides of the argument or make it clear that they will only pursue or investigate one side.

During the ecstasy documentary we see at (2:46) Matt Shea is talking to two employees that work for UK border force, where he has a conversation about intercepting and stopping the packages of ecstasy coming through. However at (5:55) he then goes and talks to two 'entrepreneurs' that make and sell the drug. This connotes the use of balance within the documentary as he has not sided with the state and the fact that its illegal and equally he has not just interviewed and talked to drug dealers that want to make profit. For the audience its a very sensitive topic and to remain balanced allows everyone to form and have their own opinion.

Impartiality

Impartiality is where the documentary needs to remain neutral to the subject, they cant have an opinion and need to be completely independent to what they are exhibiting.

By the end of the ecstasy documentary at (17:50) there is a voice over of Matt Shea summing up the whole documentary, he describes its uses and how it was clear that the British wont stop taking it. Throughout though, he does not give his own opinion of the drug or what should be done, this therefore allows the whole documentary to remain impartial to the subject. As the documentary does not pass judgment on the subject it perhaps allows some viewers to open their eyes up to the subject. The documentary in turn gains a credibility from the audience as it doesn't forma an opinion it leaves the audience to think and remain a neutral considering that the subject carries a very negative/dark light with it.

Objectivity & Subjectivity

A documentary must remain objective in its evidence and its information that it presents. To be objective is to present only fact and not provide an opinion. This in contrast to being subjective whereby the evidence doesn't have any numerical data to back up the argument, meaning that everything is based on theory and opinion.

During the ecstasy documentary we see some objectivity being used at (13:08) where the presenter talks to the founder of the global drugs survey, he further tells us that 12,000 people took a survey where by 2% said they had used re-agent kits and over half said they would use them if they were available. This numerical data provides this segment of the documentary to be objective in the sense that their are figures that back up what is being said. For the audience to have these figures provides a stability and a trust in the documentary, but not for the data that its produced but rather the documentary as a whole becomes more trustworthy. However there are parts of the documentary that perhaps are more objective, at (3:28) where Matt Shea is talking to UK border force he asks about the amount of packages that slip through, and there is no numbers that are produced. The employees do not give us any information as to how many slip through or to how many they seize. Whilst this may be seen as subjective because there is some speculation they do say they would never estimate the number which for the audience perhaps leaves them more bitter sweet.

Opinion

Some documentaries however do form opinions on the subject that they are presenting, they provide a thought or view, perhaps with an emotion attached around the subject.

During the documentary, on patrol with south Korea's suicide rescue team, we see are following the captain at (12:04) he is talking about the subject and how he feels about the people that come to commit suicide and says, 'I feel sorry...' in which he gives an opinion of the subject. For the audience an opinion perhaps makes the subject more real, the documentary becomes less investigative and more about the emotional responses. By adding opinions into the documentary it almost adds a more humanistic approach to the subject and forms an emotional tie with the audience to which it perhaps manipulates their feelings too.

Bias

Bias is closely linked to having an opinion however to be biased is to be on one side of the argument and to prove it whilst neglecting the other side to the argument put forward.

In terms of bias we see in the suicide documentary that it only follows workers and people that are trying to prevent suicide they dont interview or talk to people that perhaps have tried to commit suicide. At (1:44) we see the introduction of the captain for the rescue unit, and at (3:20) the documentary further talks to another person working for the prevention center. This can be seen as a form of bias because the documentary sets out to tell the story of prevention not the story of how/why people try and take their lives. For an audience the documentary uses this bias to manipulate the viewers thoughts and emotions, they can make the audience see all the good that is being done to prevent the vast suicide problem. However, it perhaps can leave the audience feeling less engaged with the documentary because it doesn't give both sides and it doesn't investigate the depth of why the suicide rates are so high.  

Representation

Representation in terms of documentaries is how the subject is put forward, whether it is shown in a negative way or a positive way or exhibited in both lights.

Through the South Korean suicide prevention documentary we see a certain representation occurring where at (1:36) the captain talks about the situations that he finds himself in and why some things happen, he further says though, 'we just take over the situation.' This told the audience that they don't know why people do it or what has happened in their life but it does show that the documentary represents the subject in a more neutral position. It connotes that the documentary does not aim to investigate the subject in a negative light, which is perhaps some of the audiences pre-conceptions. This further builds the trust that the documentary has with the audience as the subject is very sensitive and the viewer can appreciate that the documentary remains neutral.

Access & Privacy

Access and privacy is more specific to the locations of where the documentary is filmed and who they are allowed to show, it is more about the legal side of the documentary and less about its content.

At the very start of the ecstasy documentary we see access and privacy being used at (1:16) where we see the presenter, Matt Shea, in London, Dalston meeting up with some drug dealers. Here the location of this segment of the documentary is showed to the audience, which does connote how they want to exhibit the areas that the drug is popular in. Furthermore during this segment of the documentary at (1:27) we see the people that Matt Shea is talking to with their faces blurred out. This highlights the use of privacy and permission and how the documentary could not disclose who these people were. This for the audience adds a certain realism to the documentary, to disclose the location and blur the peoples faces makes the audience feel that they are in close proximity to the action.

Contract with viewer 

Contract with the viewer is a verbal agreement that must be said to allow the audience to know that some elements have truth to it or some of the documentary has a set up environment. 

During the secret life of 4 year olds, at the start of the documentary there is a verbal contract with the viewer in which the narrator explains that the class was all set up and rigged with cameras, he further explains that this is not where the children go to school. This contract allows the documentary to gain credibility because the viewer can watch knowing that the behavior of the children will vary because they arent completely familiar with the surroundings. The viewer doe not have to watch and consciously try to criticise the documentary for how real or how set up it is.
Furthermore, in the documentary about ecstasy at (0:12) we hear the presenter say that through the documentary we will meet with dealers, users and manufactures. This is also a contract with the viewer as they are telling us exactly what we will see and hear. This perhaps is a different type of contract, because this outlines what we will see rather then how the documentary was made. From an audience perspective this type of contract means that it builds a relationship because it tells the truth of what will be shown. 

News Report

Good News Report

Our good news report video contained many conventions to highlight our understanding. At (0:06) we start the video with an animated introduction that has the world moving at the bottom of the screen, and our broadcasting name 'ABF news' fly in to the centre of the frame. This paired with some conventional news style music to start the report. This is a more simple introduction but does connote how we would cover news from around the world. The next convention that we used strongly was our graphics, at (0:21) the graphic denotes Franki's name and a description saying, 'news correspondent.' Our graphics run throughout our news report, and from and audience perspective they allow an introduction of the segment or person thats in shot. At (0:48) franki introduces an interview in the form of a vox pop, here the other character (Ismail) acts as a dad who has been forced to leave his home with his children. The vox pop allows the audience's voice to be heard by everyone and especially in this instance this vox pop creates more of an emotional story which grabs the audience more. The last convention that can be seen during this video was the sign off at the end, at (1:23) here Franki has finished his report by signing off saying his name and location. For the audience this sign off means that its the end of the segment and news story.

bad news report

We further created a second video to highlight a 'bad' news report, throughout the report it is easy to spot many conventions that are missing or down very badly. At (1:50) we instantly hear the wrong type of music, the song 'Ultimate' by Denzel Curry is not something that connotes a professional, respected news broadcaster. The next convention that was done poorly was the costume and mode of address at (1:58) we see the anchor, myself, wearing a dark blue hoodie. Furthermore, the mode of address thats used is not standard english and contains too much slang. Which for the audience, they wouldn't take the news report seriously and the broadcaster would loose credibility. During the report by Franki someone in the background disrupts the report because he wants to get on TV (2:23.) Whilst in many field reports and links to studio, there are members of the public in the background this one got out of hand and does not highlight a news broadcasters ethos or put them in a good light for the audience. Lastly a convention that was not even added in to the news report was the lack of preparation by our field reporter and the very fact that there are no graphics at (2:02.) Franki doesn't realise that he is on air and live, which for the audience it connotes to them that this news report and broadcaster is not constructed well.

Conventions of a News Package

 

Field reports

One convention of a news report would be the field report, where by a news package is created surrounding a certain topic. We can see some of the elements involved in a field report at (20:00) which denotes the correspondent talking about Gordan Brown playing a role in the vote and how he describes the Prime ministers words. Here the choice of presenter is an older white male, in the past he would have been seen as a more reliable person to report politics. Whilst, in the more modern times the audience would like to have moved away from that idea in actual fact there is still this presence that an older white male has surrounding politics. Another element that we see in this report would be at (20:05) here we can take notice of the costume the reporter is wearing, which is a blue suit. A suit again adds to this theme of reliability and clarity for the audience, it makes them feel comforted by the formality and ultimately respect his report.  

Links to studio 

Links to the studio can bee seen through this Sky Sports news report, as there is a live correspondent outside the studio. At (0:08) we see the correspondent talk about what Wenger and Ozil have said about the transfer, whilst it has all been confirmed and Geraint Thomas is reporting facts, he still has a feed of information coming through about what the manager and player has said. In terms of the camera language, throughout the whole report there is just a single mid-shot, but at (1:22) we see the camera become more unsteady and thus know its being handheld. This illustrates the simplicity and demand for the live news, as they don't have time to film a whole package but rather they need to be the first to report the news, to beat their competitors.

Mode of address

The mode of address is a key convention in a news report, at (22:50) we can gauge the accent and tone of voice that the correspondent has for this specific subject. Here the reporter is talking about the fighting in the South Sudan and how one tribe is killing the other. Her accent is a typical British, London, more upper class accent. Much like the Field report, the accent connotes a sense of security and reliability for the audience. In addition to the accent at (22:59) we can hear here tone of voice, whilst this needs to be a more neutral unbiased tone, she still uses a rule of three to describe whats been happening. This effect adds a more serious, and bitter tone to bring the audience in to reality. The accent and tone of voice coupled together delivers a serious yet formal mode of address which is needed to make the audience feel they are being fed accurate information.

Interviewing Experts and Witnesses 

This BBC news report uses witnesses in the form of vox pops, which can be seen at (11:53) here the daughter of one of the victims that was badly treated talks about how she wants a public inquiry to be opened up against the care home. Vox pops allow the opinions from an audience point of view to be heard, they are designed to say the public's emotions and thus leave the audience feeling like this broadcaster voices their opinions and cares about the public. This convention is further used at (12:50) where we see an interview being conducted with an expert, Lynne Phair an independent consultant nurse, she explains how the care home had been given clear advice on how to fix their problems and they still were, 'incapable' of doing that. By having an expert involved in the event it allows the audience to take comfort in the fact that people were trying to help, and stop those affected. The news report gains credibility by having an expert as the audience perhaps feel more reassured.

Report Structure

Some elements of a typical news report happen within the structure and can clearly be seen through this BBC report, which discusses how some schools have been run and the campaign to turn the students into Muslim extremists. At (6:33) we see visuals of the school and its surroundings, with a voice over from the correspondent saying her name, location and the broadcasters name. This is an example of a conventional sign off, that would typically happen at the end of every news report. A sign off allows that particular report to have a more definitive end point, it acts as a full stop and allows the programme and audience to move on. The varying shots try to connote the whole story being summed up, and it gives the audience a lasting image of the whole story. Another element of a report structure would be the location at which the report was filmed at. Here (6:04) we can see the reporter, doing a piece to camera, outside of the school in Birmingham. For the audience, it gives them a sense of space, they have a visual to pair with the information and understand where the action is happening in relation to their own location.

Actuality footage

Actuality footage is information and a live visual of the event that has happened, typically from a member of the public that has captured the event on a phone. We can see some actuality footage at (14:04) where the plane is on fire, due to a Taliban attack at Pakistan's busiest airport. Actuality footage is used in this instance to really shock the audience, as the event happened the night before this report. It is not as much about using the footage to be the first to report it but rather it adds a shocking, drama to the story. if the footage is from just a normal person on their phone, then it engages the audience more, it makes the story more relateable, and can empathise more.

Codes & Conventions of Factual TV Programming

Docu- Drama 

This is a film or TV programme in which events based on real fact have been dramatised for effect.
Coach Carter is a movie based on real events in Richmond college. At (9:00) we see Coah Carter meeting the team for the first time, which does not go that well. The premise for the film is about Coach Carter turning the team around, into students with good grades, staying of the streets of a rough neighbourhood, and trying to win the play offs. The film as a drama does maintain a high emotional level for the audience, we see the struggles at the start and then the big turn around to eventually reach the game. But as we invest much of our time in to certain characters not everything goes as smoothly which is perhaps better and more complex for the audience.
Another convention of this docudrama would be the suspense and climatic ending that it has. At (51:35) we start to see the players become a real team as they all help out one of the characters finish the fitness punishment that he failed to complete in the right time. Whilst this would set up the big ending there are still some tense parts to come before hand. From an audience perspective, we find joy in the team coming together we feel like the time we have invested in the film so far has been worthwhile as this proves to be a definitive point in the film.
We further see a more extended montage at (55:35) here we see some highlights from the games they win and some of training as well. The montage acts as a way of moving time forward in the film, they can show the audience the most important bits but swiftly move of to get to the scenes that carry a larger importance. For the audience the montage acts as a chance to see the teams cohesion growing, and not have to sit through another hour of matches and trying, the day to day things that don't matter to the resulting plot line.

Docu Soap

Docu- soaps tend to be a TV documentary series where peoples lives are filmed and presented as entertainment or drama.
The premise for this docu soap enters the lives of a cake shop in Baltimore USA, that construct these extreme cakes for special events or weddings etc. Perhaps what makes this programme so interesting is the fact that its so extreme, whilst anyone could have a show just baking cakes this premise is bigger, crazier, more extreme. At (15:26) which denotes the end product of a cake they have been working on all episode. Its 4 tiers, with a women standing on top, with pearls curling all around it as well. The concept of this show really unfolds when the audience can see that this is a standard cake for them, its wasnt even a big project and perhaps thats the defining factor for this show. The audience can appreciate the art that goes into some of these cakes but are excited by the big reveal at the end of programme.
The show also contains an opening montage to their show, which we can see from (0:00-0:20) this is a package of short highlights from the whole episode, which are designed to really grip the audience from the start. The process of this show is somewhat lengthy as it does show the whole creation of the cake until the big reveal. But the opening montage just gives the audience a little taster of what is to come so that they stay and keep watching.
One other convention of this show would be the interviews that it has running throughout. The interviews are a constant feature that talk about the cake they made and the struggles as well as the outcome of the cake/week at the store. At (1:43) we see an interview where she talks about what they are going to make and what one of their projects will be for the week. The interviews act as a way to narrate the show which is key for the show to make sense. From an audience perspective they need the interview to understand whats happening in the rest of the programme, for the whole show they need the interviews to bring everything together.

Infotainment

Infotainment are typically information based which includes entertainment content to enhance the popularity for the audiences.
Whilst the fifth gear presenters arent exactly professionals they are enthusiast and thus experts. They know everything about the car they are testing and compile these film packages to show the audience everything there is to know about the car. At (1:45) we see the presenter testing 2 audi TT's with different gear boxes, she races them around the track whilst presenting facts about each car. Vicki Butler-Henderson, before presenting she used to be a race car driver, so she can use her expertise throughout to entertain and educate.
Another convention of Fifth Gear is their presentation of facts, they use the film packages to throw loads of quick fire facts directly at the audience. At (23:05) we see how the film VT starts of with a series of different angled shots to make the car look good, whilst Tiff gives us some background information and facts about the car. At (24:29) Tiff talks about the feel of the car and the facts about the car, we are bombarded with lots of different information, which becomes more controversial as its sometimes hard to take everything in. Most of the time the delivery is fine but at times it seems more disjointed and harder to follow.
Lastly at the start of the programme we see the camera in a hand held position. At (1:12) the camera frames the presenters on the right hand side, it then cuts to a close up of the presenter and slightly zooms half way through her speaking. The camera language seems a little amateur, and the audience defiantly notice that something seems a little wrong. It doesn't flow, and makes the audience wonder why they decided to make this decision.

Reality TV

Reality TV is largely over dramatised or comical events that typically use ordinary people instead of actors. Occasionally a contest or a prize could be won in some programmes.
During this show, Masterchef junior, we see the use of 3 experts throughout the programme. At (12:50) we see the 3 experts/professional chefs talking about how the number of ingredients has impacted the contestants chances of making a good dish. From an audience perspective we see that the show is more structured and professional by having some high profile chefs on the show eg, Gordan Ramsey.
Another convention of this programme would be the music, this is designed to create a real atmosphere for the show and gather some intensity during certain segments. At (1:44) we hear this very melodramatic fast paced music, which happens at the start of the challenge. The music at this stage although its not has serious as later on still create this excitement for the audience as the challenge is about to start. At (18:19) where there is only 2 minutes left of the challenge the music intensifies greatly, now the music becomes louder, faster, and more intimidating. This allows the atmosphere  and the pressure to build and build, which in turn grabs the audience and leaves them on the edge of their seat awaiting the big climax.
Perhaps during the show there are certain points of view and some bias. At (19:08) we see one contestant bring her dish up for the judges. She stays on screen for around 2:40 seconds, which is a considerable amount of time. In comparison to another contestant that only received 40 seconds on screen. Perhaps they simply wanted to move the show along quicker but the imbalance of screen time for certain contestants leaves some viewers wondering why they don't all get an equal amount of time.

Educational TV

Educational TV's main purpose is to solely educate its audience, it can either become part of a series or they become a distance study. Educational TV will generally come from the Open university however most children's programmes will be educational.
Although Seasame Street is a more older programme its sound quality was not the best. At (0:57) we hear elmo speaking as well as the the sound effects coming from the door and eventually the penguins that come in. The sound perhaps is too loud and peaks at times, which for an older audience watching this show back becomes distracting. Of course for the target audience it is not a problem, but overall it does make the show seem low budget.
In terms of the programme as a premise and its presentation of facts it does it in a very fun light hearted way. At (6:10) we see Elmo asking to count the sliding penguins with him as they  come in to frame. This example connotes how the show and Elmo engages the audience to learn, which is the main purpose of the show. Sesame Street was able to teach the kids in a way that didn't seem like learning for them, which encapsulates the main aim of the programme.
Perhaps though the editing structure is more disjointed at times, at (1:30) the camera cuts between some real life footage of penguins and children learning about them with some very tacky music that plays throughout. As the programme cuts back and fourth it perhaps looses track and doesn't seem to have a main focus, as to what it wants to achieve.

Wildlife Documentary

Wildlife documentaries typically contain any non human living species, varying for animals or plants and the environment.
One convention of this Wildlife Documentary would be the voice over by David Attenborough. At (0:30) we hear him talking about the fish and the ocean, whilst seeing some underwater visuals. David Attenborough has this calm tone of voice whilst maintain a certain complexity in his language, something that not every viewer likes but for David its widely accepted. The audience are almost comforted by his voice, as he has such a presence and profile that we know how passionate he is about the wildlife and environment. The audience trust what he says is truthful and his description of certain fish whilst is complex still carries a certain relaxed awe about it (1:29).
Another convention of this documentary is the music, whilst there is background music that runs throughout, at (0:31) we hear the calming wind instruments coupled with the voice over. But at (1:36) there is a distinctive change in the music, it seems to get louder and more intense, this is because the scene has now changed. From an audience perspective the the music complements the visuals and voice over, it creates the atmosphere and engages the audience, the music subtly controls the emotion and intensity of the scene.
A third convention would be the presentation of facts, which happens through the voice over and can only be done well through David Attenboroughs voice. At (2:47) we hear him talking about the sharks and where they come from, in how many numbers and why. The presentation of these facts comes in a more natural way, its in typical Attenborough fashion and as the audience we believe the facts so much because of the respect we have for him. All 3 conventions are very dependent on each other and if they are produced well then we have a successful wild life documentary.

Special interest Documentary

Special interest documentary typically is a documentary that is very traditional, and carries a very niche audience.
Through this segment of this programme we see a more technical convention in a hand held camera. Whilst most of this segment contains a hand held camera we see it more specifically at (0:10.) The scene denotes James May presenting this next segment of the show, he further walks past the camera which tracks him from behind. We can notice that the camera is hand held as it does shake because the cameraman has to move back to frame James May. Whilst this is not a major issue for the audience it does make the programme feel more cheap and low budget. It raises the question as to why they didn't use more equipment eg, tripod. to make the shot seem more stable.
An interesting thing about this programme is its premise. This show, presented by James May, takes some of out most loved toys and uses them on a large scale. At (0:17) we see a high angle shot which gives us a more overview of the build, which is to make a full size LEGO house. As we move further into the video we can see at (0:59) a more close up shot of the walls that they have built. For the audience this show perhaps brings back a sense off nostalgia as adults can relate to when they used to play with these toys. Much like Ace of Cakes this show takes something and puts it on a much larger scale, which is supposed to be better.
Perhaps another convention of this programme is the presenter himself, James May. The nature of his character allows him to have this more dry humor which the audience are allowed to laugh at. At (1:10) we hear this humor by James saying, 'and if it was you who did this, i hate you.' Which for an audience we find funny because the joke is quite dry.

Make over show

A Make over show is generally a more reality TV based programme, it uses members of the public to transform or change their lives in one way or another.
This programme starts with an opening montage which ends at (1:09) here we see a sequence of short clips from the whole series which some of them will be from, 'tonight's programme' they create excitement for the audience as they only convey the best bits. This opening montage is allowed to show some of the crazy mistakes people want covered up and some of the big reveals, however this does not ruin the show because the audience need the full story. This montage just gives an audience a taster of whats to come, and whilst it perhaps is very long it does create this more melodrama surrounding some of the people.
Another convention of this programme in particular is the editing style that Tattoo Fixers uses. At (1:22) we have this short scene surrounding a weird topic/conversation, perhaps to make the next scene seem more natural. Following from this at (1:40) we have the, 'customer' come in and tell their story, to which it has this made up cut scene of the story. What perhaps makes this show successful is the fact that they have so many segments, that they can constantly switch to and use, that the production of this show is relatively different each time. This would in turn make the show more entertaining then many of the other make over shows.
Following an interesting editing style by this show, they also use a hand held camera in some places. At (5:45) we see the camera being held as she shows them the drawing, there is a further camera also handheld which shows the customers reaction as well as one on the Tattoo artist. The use of handheld cameras during this scene is too allow the scene to follow better and perhaps seem more natural. Whilst at times it could look less professional it does allow for a more free flowing scene.

Discussion show

A discussion show is a conversation between experts/professionals with a live audience based on a specific theme/topic.
This show heavily relies on its experts, the whole premise of the show is to allow an audience, the public, to pose questions to the experts. At (1:17) we see a question about education and grammar schools asked, Anna Soubry the conservative former business minster, answers the question first. For the audience the use of experts are supposed to provide comfort as a more positive debate over a question should happen. However, in reality the experts use this time to perhaps doge certain questions and pass blame on to other political parties.
Perhaps in connection with the experts, should be the presentation of facts, at (17:20) we see Alstair Campbell talk about the percentage of pupils that have free school meals, 3% of pupils have free school meals. This is compared to 15 % of pupils in state schools who have free school meals. Perhaps for the viewer for the experts to have facts and figures like this gives a comforting sense to know that the experts know what they are talking about. Whilst in this instance the facts was used in a more positive way there are some cases where they are used to blame other parties.
One convention that is key for the this programme to function is the live audience themseleves. Whilst they pose the questions to the experts which can be seen at (1:08.) Here someone from the audience starts the whole debate by asking if grammar schools are the answer. However, this is not the only role that the audience have in this programme, at (7:58) we see someone from the audience ask why struggling state schools do not have more money injected in to them. As a viewer of the show, it provides a sense of meaning to have our thoughts and concerned voiced, and heard by the experts the show.

Review show

A review programme is a whole TV show which is dedicated to reviewing a certain subject or a single product.
Gamer.TV is an example of a review show as for the duration of the programme, it reviews the most recent games that have either been released or are due to be released. It runs for 24 mins, exhibiting game play of the game being talked about whilst also sometimes talking to developers of the game. At (0:28) we see one of the producers of the game, 'Crash Bandicoot' talk about the new innovations that we will see in the new game, whilst also seeing the relevant game play. The interview allows information to be brought to the audience in a more objective way because the source is more reliable to the audience, as opposed to hearing the information from the presenter. It further creates a definitive structure and segment for the show. Gamer.TV can start with this interview and then move on to a more opinion based segment, thus an actual review of the game.
However through this segment of the show and the through the interview there is a poor sound quality for a TV programme. At (0:53) whilst the producer is talking about how Crash can take control of the enemy, we can easily hear a lot of background noise as he speaks. This perhaps is coupled with the poor editing choices as to when they cut from the game play to the interview.
 It seems a little disjointed as at (1:20) the audience is watching relevant game play, but ass he moves on to talk about another feature, the game play does not follow and it subsequently just cuts to the interview. The little disjointedness of the structure of the show does not allow for a free flowing segment
Furthermore, to be a review show there must be a point of view or a bias, equally the show could be completly neutral and leave the audience to decide on how good the product will be. This show does leave the audience to decide it presents all the facts and inclusdes interviews but ultimately doesnt come to any conclusion, instead it leaves the audience to do that. Whilst this segment only covers an interview of the game, at (3:27) the presenter sums up the whole game including saying, 'tactics exclusive to the wii' this allows the show to be completely neutral.

Chat show

A studio based programme in which celebrities or the public talk about their lives, issues, or new releases.
One thing in a chat show that is key is the presenter, in this instance we have Ellen. The chat show is perhaps mainly based on how good the presenter can make these interviews and any other segments to the show. At (0:50) we see Ellen start to interview Chance the Rapper and really talk about what & why he is doing some things. Perhaps what separates Ellen from many other presenters is not only her kindness but her humor as well. At (1:55) whilst they are having a more serious conversation, Ellen is able to keep the atmosphere very light and moves on to talk about a more fun, anecdote involving both her and Chance.
The whole point of this type of chat show is the interview itself with the celebrities. This interview here is a more conventional one that the viewer would see on an episode of Ellen. At (0:48) we see the beginning of the interview, allowing Chance to talk about why he hasn't signed for a label and what he's trying to do. Ellen is able to use many of her experiences outside of the show to relate back to the celebrity (1:50), by using anecdotes in the interview it makes the audience feel like the interview is more intimate and more natural. The interview emulates the TV programme of a, 'chat show' by Ellen using the anecdotes.
Perhaps with the Ellen show there is a certain bias point, because whatever a celebrity is talking about the atmosphere and feel of the show has to remain light. Whilst most shows such as this one Chance talks about something he really believes in, there are other times where perhaps the celebrity talks about something wrong and Ellen still has to maintain a more superficial out look on it. At (0:55) we hear Chance talking about how he wants to set an example, which is very admirable. But this is not always the case in every episode and perhaps Ellen has to lead the audience into thinking something is alright when its not.

Magazine show

A magazine show is made up of many different elements and short features to produce a whole show. Typically a magazine show will have VT packages, experts and a make up of studio based content as well as some outside broadcasting.
Top Gear as a magazine show is perhaps very reliant on their presenters, the trio in Clarkson, Hammond and May create this childish comedy between them which perhaps makes it better then some other car magazine shows. At (2:15) we hear an anecdote being used to set the show up, but the 3 presenters talk in a more normal, unprofessional register when talking about the producers of the show. By using an informal mode of address it makes the show more natural to watch, the presenters then make the show more entertainment based and less about the cars. Whilst at times the audience may find this inappropriate, generally it does create a more relaxed atmosphere and allows the audience to escape into the show for 1 hour.
The premise of the show is very important considering that it is a magazine show. Throughout this episode there is a focus on the challenge they undertook in the form of a VT package. However at (15:11) we see another segment of the show in the news, where the presenters talk about any new concept cars or anything to do with the motoring world. We further see another different segment of the show at (32:50) which would be the, 'Star in a reasonably priced car' here we see some form of a celebrity talk about any recent things tat they have just done and then do a lap on the track. The many different segments allow for lots of different angles for entertainment. The audience enjoy watching many parts to this show, which from the BBC's perspective is good to see they have the right formula.
However, during the news segment of the programme, they do have some opinions/points of view. At (16:20) we hear Clarkson talk about the types of people that drive hybrids and now, 'normal people' can drive them too. The implication that others that aren't normal drive hybrids, whilst it is part of Clarkson's humor it can be seen as a little offensive to some of the audience.